Before the invention of printing or written history, oral history, especially in early Germanic culture, became the primary means of transcribing past values ​​and events. Written around 1,000 AD by an unknown author, Beowulf, originally a pagan fable, became a Christian allegory after its transcription by Christian monks. However, as scholars debated Beowulf's religious context, the monks' attempts to transform the epic poem into a Christian parable ended up conflating, including both the original and Christian aspects. Throughout Beowulf, the epic combines pagan ideals of destiny or wyrd and God's will, similar concepts of the afterlife, and contrasting ideas of the individual. In Beowulf, a tension arises between the natural construction of the poem and Christian ideals. added. Before the advent of Christianity, paganism emphasized the wyrd. According to Christianity, God instills in humanity a sense of free will, which directly contrasts with the pagan idea of ​​destiny. Throughout Beowulf, these characteristics of paganism and Christianity transmute together. Beowulf instills the principle of fate in his speeches, such as when he talks about how "fate saves an undoomed man when his courage is good" (11). However, earlier in the poem, Beowulf graciously thanks “God that the way of the waves was easy for them” (5). In the fight with Grendel, Beowulf relies not on his weapons, but on his innate strength. As King Hrothgar states “'Fate always goes as it must'” (9), Beowulf trusts in his own abilities and not in those created by man. As a young warrior, Beowulf "had long been despised" (38), but "change came to the man famous for every one of his troubles" (38). The making of Beowulf... middle of paper... among the Danes becomes something more than the typical war, but one waged for moral reasons. In Beowulf, individuals differ in their alter motivations, but the fight against the evil of Grendel and his mother proves to be the greatest battle that Beowulf overcomes. Beowulf includes several reasons why critics decipher it as a Christian allegory or a pagan fable. , but in reality the epic becomes a combination of the two. Because of the intertwined ideas of the wyrd and the will of God, the distinct ideals of the afterlife, and the conflicting visions of the entity, Beowulf embodies the Christian monks' attempts to transform the parable into a Christian novel; however, these efforts have proven mixed. Ultimately, the poem shows the Church's efforts to proselytize the pagan faithful, but such efforts remained irrelevant until the Christianization of the world..