Topic > False Confessions and the Norfolk Four case - 2738

``In criminal law, confession evidence is the prosecutor's most powerful weapon'' (Kassin, 1997) -"the 'queen of evidence' in the law" (Brooks, 2000). Regardless of when they occur in the legal process, confession statements often provide the most incriminating form of evidence and have been shown to significantly increase conviction rates. Legal scholars even argue that a defendant's confession may be the only evidence considered during a trial and often guides jurors' perceptions of the case (McCormick, 1972). Admitting a false confession can be the deciding point between a suspect's freedom and his death sentence. To that end, research and analysis of the Norfolk Four case, riddled with false confessions, reveals the drastic and controversial measures the prosecution team will take to provoke a confession, whether true or false. To incriminate Danial Williams, Joseph Dick, Eric Wilson and Derek Tice with the rape and murder of Michelle Moore-Bosko, Detectives Maureen Evans and Robert Ford conducted long and grueling interrogation sessions using many provocative and manipulative tactics. Throughout this process, Ford and Evans forced the suspects to renegotiate their perception of the crime until an entirely new reality was created. This new reality evolved as police gathered more confessional evidence to justify any new physical evidence from the crime scene. Ultimately, in an iterative process that saw police modify their theories of crime and then force suspects to claim this new reality as their own, the reconciled reality of crime became consistent with both the criminal evidence and the criminals' new ideas. suspects. perception. An analysis of m...... half of the document ......ng Confessions: talking about guilt in law and literature. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2000. Print.Elsen, Sheldon, and Arthur Rosett. “Suspect Protections Under Miranda v. Arizona.” Columbia Law Review 67.4 (1967): 645-670. Network. 10 January 2014. Front line: The Confessions. Dir. Ofra Bikel. PBS Video, 2010. Film.Kassin, Saul M. (1997). “The Psychology of Confession Evidence.” American Psychologist 52 (1997): 221-233. Network. January 8, 2014. Kassin, Saul, and Lawrence Wrightsman (eds.). The psychology of evidence and the trial procedure. Chapter 3. Beverly Hills: Sage Publications, 1985. Print.McCann, Joseph. “A conceptual framework for identifying various types of confessions.” Behavioral Science and Law 16 (1998): 441-453. Network. January 8, 2014. McCormick, Charles T. Handbook of the Law of Evidence. 2nd ed. St. Paul: West Publishing Co., 1972. Print.