It is now clear that Kyoto is not the way forward towards a global solution to climate change. If anything it is an obstacle." Peter Kent, 2011 (The Guardian, 2011) [6]. And in 2003 Canada's greenhouse gas emissions were "24% above 1990 levels" (Campbell, 2015) [7], this led to an increase in global carbon dioxide emissions. This is where the division of countries (which led to the US and Canada withdrawing) into two different groups acted as a major factor that led to the slight failure of the protocol , as emissions have increased globally while an overall decrease has been recorded for the Kyoto signatory countries