According to this image, the cluster of spheres of the first formation occupies (Square root of 2) times that of the second formation. Interestingly, if a bag were filled with spheres arranged as in the first figure, it would appear loose, but a bag filled with spheres in the shape of the second figure would appear stiff. Finally, Reynolds also made discoveries in the realm of “pure physics.” He demonstrated that group velocities determine the rate of energy transmission by the wave (Gillespie, 1972, p.427). Furthermore, his broader experimental work stems from the identification of the mechanical equivalent of heat. In this regard, he accurately measured the heat required to bring a pound of water from freezing to boiling point (Lamb, 2004). Furthermore, Osborne Reynolds is well known for his articles on how a flat plate moving through a body produces a train of vortices behind it. Reynolds describes methods for representing the internal motions of a fluid using bands of color (as he did when explaining laminar and turbulent flow). He tried to emphasize the movement of the vortex. Reynolds observed that vortex lines formed behind an oblique wave, vortex rings formed behind an inclined disk, and vortex rings were caused by drops falling into water (JD Jackson, 1995, p. 60). Other important work Osborne Reynolds is well known for his work in fluid mechanics and hydrodynamics; however, he contributed to other fields such as lubrication, bed formation, centrifugal pumps and turbines, and dilatancy. Reynolds realized that by maintaining a film of oil between a shaft and its bearing (causing a pressure increase sufficient to support the shaft), he could rely on the center of the shaft moving away from the center of velocity of paper (travel speed) and liquid (troops). Therefore, according to Reynolds, the higher the viscosity the higher the critical speed of the liquid; furthermore, the greater the density of the liquid, the more likely the movement is to break (Gillespie, 1972, p.428). Works Cited Jackson, J.D. Proceedings: Mathematical and Physical Science, vol. 451, n. 1941, Osborne Reynolds Centenary Volume (9 October 1995), pp. 49-86.ES Gillespie. Physics Education, Vol.7, Number 7, Osborne Reynolds (09, 1972), pp.427-428.Lamb, Horace; Kargon, Robert H. 'Reynolds, Osborne (1842-1912)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004.Allen, Jack; McDowell, Donald Malcolm; Jackson, J.D. Osborne Reynolds and Engineering Science Today. Papers presented at the Osborne Reynolds Centenary Symposium, University of Manchester, September 1968, (1970)