Although not addressed as rigorously, there is still a schism when it comes to issues of testing involving animals. Those who oppose see it as going against the will of the animal, because animals have no say in the matter. However, through animal testing there have been huge medical advances in hospitals and vets, research has led to cures for various diseases that would normally take many more years to cure, and the use of animals is highly ethical considering what might be the alternative, although progress is being made to change these measures. This is how animal testing benefits society for humans and animals. Experimentation on animals dates back to 300 BC with the Greek physician and philosopher Aristotle (*). Then there was Galen, a Greek doctor, who studied animals in Rome and learned more about medicine, made progress in understanding anatomy, physiology, pathology and pharmacology. For modern society, Galen is considered the father of vivisection. In 12th century Spain, Ibn Zuhr, an Arab doctor who made use of animal experimentation which led to testing the effectiveness of surgical procedures, first on animals, and then applying the information to human patients. Although most of his tests involved goats, much of his research involved autopsies and post-mortem dissections. (Hajar) (Naik) In modern times, animal testing has led to as many advances in medical science as there are in veterinary science and practice. Ibn Zuhr pioneered basic surgical procedures that progressed over time as the anatomy of humans and animals were not seen as the same. Blood transfusions occurred through… middle of paper… 2014. Academic OneFile. Network. March 2, 2014.Naik, Abhijit. “History of animal testing”. Hum. March 8, 2011. March 10, 2014. http://www.buzzle.com/articles/history-of-animal-testing.htmlTravis, John. "Pig cells used for Parkinson's disease." Science news. October 7, 1995: 230. Academic OneFile. Network. February 26, 2014United States Researchers defend animal testing・. Discovery. February 21, 2011. February 28, 2014. http://news.discovery.com/animals/animal-research-medical-defended-110221.htmVeterinary Benefits・. Speaking of research. 2014. February 28, 2014. http://speakingofresearch.com/facts/veterinary-benefits/Wolff, Jonathan. “The pro and con positions oversimplify the problems of animal testing.” Animal testing. Ed. Ronnie D. Lankford, Jr. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2009. In question. Rpt. from "Killing Softly". Caretaker. March 28, 2006. Opposing Viewpoints in Context. Network. March 2. 2014.