Most of us learned at a very young age that we should not judge by appearances. But, in the aftermath of school massacres around the world, a sane person must take seriously what the material world shows – and make a judgment. After all, poor judgment and subsequent actions can lead to further youth violence. This event was thoroughly analyzed by a whole gaggle of politicians and experts over the course of a few months. But unfortunately they failed to get to the heart of the matter. Because the crux of the matter is theological, a category that does not often appear in American public discourse. Instead we hear about psychology, community, exclusion: the narrow, modern litany of cause and effect. David Mandel, a psychologist who has studied the Goth subculture - one of the causes invoked - wrote last year: "It's not sinister, but ironic." He continued: "People who are truly involved in this world use it to give meaning to their lives... They truly find beauty in dark things, just as others find beauty in bright and happy things" (Mandel)....