Traditionally in school we are taught that there are only four states of matter: solid, liquid, gas and plasma. Luckily this isn't true because it would be boring. There are also at least 4 other-less common states and Icontest a fifth. These are the Bose-Einstein condensate, photonic molecules, quark-gluon plasma, superconductors and superfluids. They all have unique properties that clearly distinguish the differences between them and the traditional four states. These findings could help us in the future and have some practical uses now. My favorite state of matter is actually the Bose-Einstein Condensate (BEC). This state was first achieved in 1995 (predicted in 1924 by Albert Einstein) by firing photons directly at the matter you want to cool. Since the photons that collide in the partials have slowed down their speed which is essentially the same as the heat for a molecule, it is possible to make the matter go down to a few billionths of a degree above absolute zero which "is the minimum possible temperature" (zero absolute) at which all movement stops. When you shoot photons (partials of light) into this ultracold substance, the light can slow down to fifty-eight miles per hour. The telltale sign that a substance is in BEC is when the millions of atoms in that state behave as if they were a single atom. Just like lasers, actually, all the same color and all going in the same direction. The discovery that we can make photons act strongly together could make the development of quantum computers much easier. this discovery is the most recent of the five having occurred only last year. Normally photons do not interact "Making sure that photons stay together is not easy because they normally pass through each other without interacting" (Johnson), but... in the middle of the paper... spinning at the top. Heat can pass through superfluids at incredible speeds. In fact, scientists have reason to believe that superfluids could be found at the centers of neutron stars that remain after a supernova, which conduct heat away and rapidly cool the star. In conclusion Bose-Einstein condensate, quark and gluon plasmas, superconductors and superfluids are all different states of matter, based on the different properties they exhibit when they reach certain temperatures. Photonic molecules, however, probably do not represent a new state of matter because to be a state of matter they must be matter and photons are not matter. However, they constitute a new way in which light particles react and could therefore bring new things to light. These discoveries should be taught in schools because they are interesting and also because we should not ignore new discoveries in science.
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