Board of Education was a United States Supreme Court case in 1954 in which the court declared state laws to establish segregated public schools for blacks unconstitutional. Brown v. Board of Education was brought against the school board of Topeka, Kansas, by plaintiff Oliver Brown, a parent of one of the children who had been denied access to Topeka's non-colored schools. Brown argued that Topeka's racial segregation violated the Equal Protection Clause of the Constitution because the city's black and white schools were not equal to each other. However, the court rejected, affirmed, and clarified that segregated public schools were "substantially" equal enough to be constitutional under the Plessy doctrine. After hearing what the court told Brown, he decided to appeal to the Supreme Court. When Chief Justice Earl Warren spoke on the court, he spoke in a unanimous decision written by Warren himself stating that racial segregation of children in public schools violated the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, which states that "no state shall enact or enforce any law which ... will deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws." Additionally, Congress noted that the amendment does not prohibit integration and that the Fourteenth Amendment guarantees equal education for both white and black students. Since the Supreme Court noticed this problem, it has had to focus on racial equality and galvanizing and developing civil law