“Gender-based violence is one of the most common human rights violations in the world. Around the world, women between the ages of 15 and 44 are more likely to die or be maimed from male violence than from cancer, malaria, war and road accidents combined… people can perceive violence against women as evil and at the same time tolerate it” (Belknap, page 288). This quote describes the many obstacles women face when they are victims in the criminal justice (CJ) system. Candace Kruttschnitt explores the study of female victimization, male and female crime, the neutrality of theories, and how the media plays into gendering crime. Kruttschnitt places emphasis on the question of whether gender disparities and whether they are handled more neutrally or whether they are necessary. It is important, however, not to forget to pay particular attention to the profound impact that some of the first women who worked in prisons, created prisons and juvenile institutions, and the paths they opened for women in generations to come. One woman in particular, Margaret Moore, fought against sexism, racism, and faced significant oppression to become the “first woman to be superintendent of a men's prison in Pennsylvania, deputy commissioner (overseeing seven prisons and approximately 10,000 prisoners) in Pennsylvania and director of the District of Columbia Department of Corrections” (Belknap, page 480). Cheesman traced three major changes in the late 1960s that led to the hiring of women in men's prisons. These included the 1969 “recommendations of the Joint Commission on Correctional Manpower and Training to integrate women into guard positions, Title VII in 1972 which gave the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission the power to prosecute Title VII violators in federal courts, and the guidelines established by the National Commission Advisory Commission on Criminal Justice Standards and Objectives for recruiting and hiring women in all areas of prison labor in 1973” (Belknap, page 481). It is inspiring and heroic women, like Moore, as well as legislative changes, implemented to protect women from sexist discrimination in the workplace, that give all women the courage to stand up and fight for equality, justice and a better future, in terms of job opportunities, for generations of women
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