War requires innovation. Constant political corruption and tension between the Congolese government and its people have forced both sides to resort to drastic measures. The threat of cannibalism is one of the ingenious war tactics that the people of Congo have used in times of need. Even if killing someone with a gun, public executions or torture did not achieve the desired results, the Congolese saw cannibalism as the new method to win the war. Throughout the Arab Congo War, the Second Congo War, and the violence that survives in the Congo today, cannibalism has been a constant presence, but it is used in warfare rather than in terms of survival or desire for human flesh. Although the act of cannibalism cannot make a dead human even deader, it is seen as a means of killing the opponent's spirit. The use of cannibalism for psychological warfare is intended to portray Congolese soldiers as radical and predatory, although it is not part of their historical culture. Without the constant violence throughout Congo's history, cannibalism would never have been used by the Congolese as a psychological weapon against their enemies. Due to the many different cultures, cannibalism is practiced in various ways for completely different reasons all over the world. Explained by Kat Nickeson, an African anthropologist, there are only two types of cannibalism (not including survival cannibalism): mortuary cannibalism, or endo, and ritual cannibalism, or exo. Endo-cannibalism, or eating members of one's community, was practiced by Native Americans to mourn their dead relatives and to feel as if they continued to live within the living. The Aztecs, on the other hand, practiced exo-cannibalism: eating humans outside their own community by... paper... Langford. The fall of the Arabs of the Congo. New York: Negro Universities Press, 1969. Print. Kiley, Sam. “Chaos and cannibalism under the bloody skies of the Congo.” The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2003/aug/17/congo.theobserver (retrieved 13 May 2013). Nickeson, Kat. "Cannibalism in the Congo: a new interpretation of the ancient practice". Kat's Africa. http://katsafrica.wordpress.com/2012/05/14/cannibalism-in-the-congo-a-new-take-on-an-old-practice/ (retrieved April 21, 2013). “The Truth Behind the Cannibals of Congo.” The Independent. http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/the-truth-behind-the-cannibals-of-congo-567654.html (retrieved 21 April 2013). “The UN Condemns DR Congo Cannibalism” .” BBC News. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/2661365.stm (retrieved 13 May 2013). Weeks, John H.. Among the Congo Cannibals. London: Seeley, Service, 1913.