Five pieces of literature by eminent authors and academics in the field of criminology will be read, interpreted and analyzed throughout this essay. The readings cover a wide variety of criminology topics, these are; the dynamics and control of public disorder, the philosophy, the positive and negative aspects of the legalization of prostitution, the conflict between legal institutions and representatives. Finally, contradictory government policies that have addressed crime have become normalized within society applying both positive and negative impacts relevant to each reading. In chapter two of Mark Rowlands' book The Philosopher at the End of the Universe, the author analyzes a modern science called the Matrix to explain the main philosophical theories surrounding the topic of reality. Descartes' theory, made famous in the Meditations, holds that how does an individual know that he or she is actually awake or simply dreaming? Rowlands (2005) then goes on to explain epistemology, which is known as the area that deals with knowledge in philosophy. Explain that our five senses create our individual world and interpret our individual world that we see and forms part of our self-conception. Yet from the outside we doubt the world around us and are not the well-informed creatures we think we are. Descartes' theory then explains how he believes that perhaps we live in a real world, however a certain individual known as an evil demon is defrauding us into believing this, Rowlands explains this through the matrix. The strength of this chapter is the fact that it explains complex philosophical theories through a modern and basic interpretation of the science fiction film The Matrix, which means that questioning reality is simple......half of the document.. ....ent academic sources to provide evidence that society's tolerance for crime has increased and the way in which criminal justice systems have responded with contradictory policies, however this is only the thinking of criminologists and perhaps limits the article in many ways because they only see this from a certain perspective and may be influenced unintentionally. After reading the five pieces of literature from a wide variety of topics ranging from philosophy to the legalization of prostitution, they have greatly improved my knowledge and I am now able to understand a broader context of criminology in general. By reading these pieces of literature I now feel that I am able to interpret certain academic theories and thoughts and apply them to my essays when necessary, however I still have to recognize that I need to critically analyze them to find the strengths and weaknesses.