Topic > The Development and Description of Ancient Communities

Ancient literary works often describe the community in different ways depending on the surrounding culture and belief systems. The Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh, perhaps begun as an oral tradition, is a work centered on the god-king of Uruk, Gilgamesh. The mortality of mankind quickly becomes the central focus of the text as Gilgamesh struggles with the death of his companion Enkidu, the implications of which foreshadow Gilgamesh's impending doom. Over the course of the epic we learn that society is constantly evolving, searching, struggling, and dying. The identity of the community in Gilgamesh is established through the close relationships and friendships of the main characters both inside and outside the city-state Uruk. Another early work, the book of Genesis from the Pentateuch, establishes similar community identities based on family and relationships. The society in Genesis is defined as a chosen people struggling to be accepted by their God. The community in the book of Genesis is continually dominated by God as it transforms from a family tribe to the vast nation of Israel. The Epic of Gilgamesh and the book of Genesis are full of literary elements such as repetition, imagery, and individual stories, generating strong notions of community and society in each work. The Epic of Gilgamesh is a sequence of actions that shape both the individual characters as well as the reader's understanding of Urukian society. Gilgamesh, the protagonist of the epic, is presented as the tyrant ruler of the Babylonian city-state Uruk. The people of Uruk, their livelihood, community and society, are all held in the hands of a single man, "the perfect, the terror", Gilgamesh. As he rampages through his city, raping women on a whim, the gods take notice. The people… in the center of the card… people, typically the weak, who are willing to submit to His will. Thus, Genesis describes a community dominated by God but formed by a people who serve based on free will. God's first covenant was with Noah, a descendant of Seth, Abel's successor. In Genesis 9, after the flood, God spoke to Noah and his sons, saying, “Be fruitful and multiply and fill the earth.” The birth of a new community was born from the only survivors of a worldwide flood. However, this community was to be guided by a promise and governed by rules ordained by God himself. The seven laws that govern society were given to Noah shortly after the flood waters had subsided. They established a system of justice, specified how man should deal with other men and how man should deal with God. God's chosen people were expected to remain a family, a community respectful of His authority.