Cyber ​​EspionageEspionage is as old as the history of mankind, but cyber espionage represents a much less costly way for both state and non-state actors, including private companies, to build detailed information mosaics on competitors and adversaries. Cyber ​​spies can use stolen information for a variety of purposes, including intimidation, extortion, or efforts to pre-empt or disrupt the maneuvers of political opponents. We have now reached a level where greater security is now the only option if companies and states are moving forward. to protect your data. Computer espionage or cyber espionage means obtaining data or information without the prior consent of the data owner. This data can be personal, sensitive, proprietary or even classified (FBI, MI5 etc.). A cyber spy can target anyone: individuals, competitors, rivals, groups, government, enemies, states, or even entire countries. The motivation for such activities can be for the following gains: Personal Financial Political (hacktivism) Military The methods of such activity can be obtained through the use of the Internet, networks or simply by hacking a single computer. This can be done using malware created with built-in instructions for a specific task, be it causing damage or a denial of service, but more importantly receiving data and sending it back to the hacker. This malware can be anything from Trojan horses (key loggers) to spyware (tracking software). A cyber spy is usually thought of as a professional cybersecurity hacker, but in reality it can be done by anyone who is willing to learn, the software is easily found on the internet, and all it takes is patience. Anyone, from professional to amateur, can perform cyber espionage, which... middle of paper ......professionals specializing in IT security through appropriate channels (security clearance, identity, control) in order to improve security and help prevention, managing cyber espionage will become increasingly easier thanks to the increasing ease of use of technology. Another layer of security is needed for businesses and government, there has been exploration into muscle memory passwords, the idea is that only you can remember them and it seems quite difficult to crack considering it is inside a person's brain and the brain remembers muscle patterns. Above all, the most effective preventive measure against cyber espionage or any attack is education: if staff and other members are taught what to look for and to know the dangers and, above all, how valuable their data is, then all will be well . a damn long way to stop cyber attacks.