The history of PalestineIntroductionFrom the second Abbasid period, which began after the mid-third Hijri century, the Islamic state of the Caliphate progressively weakened until it was divided into three Caliphates instead of one. In the East the Abbasid Caliphate was founded; the Fatimid Caliphate in Egypt, parts of North Africa and Syria, and the Umayyad Caliphate in Andalus. The Crusades took place under these circumstances.Top----------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------The political map of the region before the CrusadesForty years before After the Crusades, the Turkish Saljuks had succeeded in dominating Baghdad and had assumed power under the nominal Abbasid caliphate. The Saljuks had succeeded in dominating much of Persia, northern Iraq, Armenia, and Asia Minor by around 1040 AD. The Saljuk ruler, Toghrol Bic, ruled over Bain in 1055 AD. The Saljuks extended their rule over the Byzantines in Asia Minor. On August 19, 1071 AD the Battle of Malathkard took place, under the command of the Saljuk ruler Alb Arsalan, and a catastrophe struck the Byzantines until the end of the 11th century AD Arsout, and removed the Fatimid rule. The Saljuks expanded their dominion to include most of Syria. In 1092 AD (485 H [Hijra]), the Saljuk sultan Malikshah died, thus overthrowing the dominion of the Saljuks and launching many long and hard battles for dominion and power between them. . In 1096 AD, their domain was divided into five kingdoms: Sultanate of Persia (under ruler Birkiyarouq), Kingdom of Khurasan and Beyond the River (under ruler Singer), Kingdom of Aleppo (under ruler Radwan), Kingdom of Damascus (under ruler Radwan). under the ruler Daqaq) and the Roman sultanate of the Saljuks (under the ruler Qalj Arsalan). Most of the regions of Palestine came under the Damascus regime, and during the weakness of Syria's two rulers (Radwan and Daqaq), many private rulers emerged, none of whom dominated more than one city. campaign of 1098 AD (491 H) while Muslim regions in Syria, Iraq and others were torn apart due to their differences and bloody conflicts. The two brothers, Radwan and Daqaq, sons of Titish, started a war against each other in 490 BC. Many battles broke out between Mohammed Ibn Malikshah Birkiyarouq due to their conflict for power in which they exchanged victories and sermons at the court of the Caliphate during the period 492-497 H.