After Napoleon's defeat at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815, the Congress of Vienna was held the same year under the leadership of Foreign Minister Metternich. At this conference Austria was given control of the Italian states of Venetia and Lombardy, in compensation for the loss of Belgium. This led to Germanization and Austria's domination of the Italian states it had obtained. All schools were carefully censored, the press was strictly controlled and all this was supported by an efficient army of police spies. Without freedom of publication and speech, the fighters for freedom and national unity would have no chance to demonstrate. However, the whole situation led to the development of revolutionary societies such as the Carbonari, who attempted to liberate and suppress the French and Austrians. Unfortunately the lack of support from the states, the population and a political program led to the failed heroism of the revolution in 1820-1830. Although the whole situation changed, when nationalism, patriotic sentiment, principles or efforts, arose in the years 1830-1848. The development of Italian nationalism during the years 1830-184 can be divided into four parts. It was all triggered by the powerful political figure Giuseppe Mazzini, whose ideas of a united Italy, freed from Austrian occupation, had led to the creation of a movement called Young Italy. The movement promoted for a united Italy and was officially the first society to confront nationalism. This nationalistic movement influenced writers and philosophers to seek other ways to ensure Italian unification through the papacy and economic benefits. With the flourishing of popular movements in most Italian states, the rise of free... middle of paper... in Europe). This was due to the strong army of the Austrian general Radetsky. As a result, Charles Albert abdicated and was succeeded by Victor Emmanuel II, who played a major role in the final and successful unification of Italy in 1870. The development of nationalism from 1830 to 1848 can be regarded as the period in which the central ideas of the Unification of Italy was truly born. Driven by Mazzini's ambition, the influence of writers and philosophers, as well as application through the media, economics and religion, all led to the strengthening of nationalism in many areas of Italy. Although the first official attempt to suppress the Austrians and establish unification had failed during the revolutions of 1848, it had brought out an even stronger desire for a united Italy and demonstrated that unity between states was possible..