expert gaze focuses on the target rather than the position of the tool, but beginners look following the tool most of the time, rather than focusing on the target. [7] Second case study In [3], twenty-five right-handed surgeons completed a two-handed maneuvering task in the VR LAP MentorTM laparoscopic surgical simulator (Simbionix USA Corp., Cleveland, OH), whose research-recommended task discriminates between proficiency levels, there were ten experienced surgeons who conducted more than 60 laparoscopic procedures and fifteen novice surgeons who performed fewer than 10 procedures. Surgeons' gaze behavior was recorded by the Mobile Eye Gaze Recording System (ASL, Bedford, MA), which measures gaze line using dark pupil tracking [8], while performing gaze tasks. two-handed maneuvers which consists of identifying the position of the ball within a gelatin mass and then placing it in a bag as shown in Figure 1 6, where three subcomponents in this task that require accurate psychomotor control are described. Figure 1 6 Images of the VR laparoscopic surgical simulator, depict the task of two-handed maneuvers along three stages, A grasping and manipulating the jelly to reveal a ball, B grasping a ball and C dropping a ball at the end
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