Urbanization is an integral part of the development of a modern culture. Historically, urbanization has helped solidify a nation's international role. Urbanization is usually accompanied by industrialization, which provides the economic means for the massive influx of people into cities (Philips, 2014, p. 29). The United Nations reports that Africa's current rate of urbanization ranks first in the world (Philips, p. 29). However, the growth of African cities was not created by a new era of industrialization, but rather by millions of people seeking refuge from deteriorating rural conditions (Philips, p. 29). With such a rapidly increasing population, cities are unable to provide sufficient infrastructure, resulting in the astonishing growth of Africa's slums. Estimates show that the African slum population amounts to 200 million people, of which 175 million people lack adequate sanitation (Philips, p. 29). Several African nations have attempted to combat the problem of slum growth. “African Urbanization” analyzes the efforts of Morocco, Nigeria and Rwanda. This review provides a summary of these efforts and presents the slum-ending insights that the article infers from these nations' efforts. The review also provides the authors with the reasons that led to the choice to revise the article. Through its “Cities Without Slums” program, Morocco exemplifies a successful effort to limit the growth of slums. This program provides housing and infrastructure to the poor and, as of 2011, has moved 1.5 million people out of slums (Philips, 2014, 30). Much of the credit for this success goes to the relationship between the Moroccan government and the private sector. The government provides subsidies to low-income housing builders and ensures partial payment of private loans to the poor (Philips, p. 30...... middle of document ...... This resulted in massive growth “African Urbanization” effectively analyzes the approaches of Morocco, Nigeria and Rwanda in addressing this growing problem. From these efforts, the article derives several guidelines for future initiatives: Development should focus on creating a city with infrastructure adequate; land tenure by the poor living in slums must be maintained; politicians must lead the effort by orienting the local community and private enterprises towards the goal of reducing slums; the provision of professional and technical incentives as a potential method of addressing slums in the future The valuable information and insights provided by “African Urbanization” are essential to limit the growth of slums.
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