ASSIGNMENT: THE CRIMES OF LEAD1.What are the primary sources of environmental and occupational exposure to lead?Ans) Primary sources:a. Burning fossil fuelsb. Miningc. ManufacturingOther sources:d. Lead paint in older homes. Contaminated soil. Household dust. Drinking water. Lead enamelled plates and cups. Painting, plumbing and weldingb. Automotive repairc. Ammunition production Battery and petrol production2. List and briefly explain the common and most important routes of lead exposure. Are there differences in the main routes of exposure to lead in children and adults? ExplainAns) Common and most important routes of exposure to lead,a. Ingestionb. Inhalationc. Cutaneous route Ingestion can be defined as the introduction of the substance through the mouth into the gastro-intestinal system. Ingestion of contaminated food, water and alcohol rich in lead content. Inhalation can be defined as the suction of particles through breathing and transport into the lungs. Commonly associated with people working in battery manufacturing industries. Dermal: occurs when the skin comes into contact with lead. Organic lead is absorbed more than inorganic lead. It is most commonly seen in people who work with lead. There are differences in the main routes of exposure. Infants and children can ingest lead through breastfeeding. They can be exposed to lead in the womb if their mothers have lead in their bodies. In children, ingestion is the main route of exposure. Lead paint is the main source. In older homes, as lead paint deteriorates, it peels, chips, or is… to the core of the paper… lead-based. They should not participate in activities that alter old paint or in cleaning up paint residue after work is completed. Prevent children from playing on bare ground.c) Create barriers between the children's play area and the non-play area. Wash children's hands and toys at periodic intervals, because both are sources of lead and become contaminated by house dust or soil. Proper care must be taken when using ceramic cups and plates; long-term use should be avoided, as they contain lead particles which are harmful if consumed with food.d) Regularly clean floors and window components with water, as dust can accumulate and act as a source of lead poisoning . Remove your shoes when entering your home to avoid introducing lead-contaminated soil from outside. e) Avoid traditional folk medicine and cosmetics that contain lead