IndexEvaluationInternal and External ValidityConclusionThe media article I chose to review focused on the negative effects of spanking on children and youth. In the two articles I analysed, the authors provided evidence to suggest that spanking is an important aspect in the study of children and young people because the repercussions can be harmful to their well-being and behaviour. Any type of disturbing event in a child's life, big or small, can have an impact far beyond childhood. Spanking is widely frowned upon, and in the articles discussed below the authors provide evidence of how it can cause harmful effects. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on "Why Violent Video Games Shouldn't Be Banned"? Get an Original Essay In the article Here's How Spanking Affects a Child's Brain and Behavior, Riskey discusses the long-term effects spanking can leave on children and youth. Riskey talked about how spanking can lead to a reduction in the level of gray matter in the brain, which is essential for the development of proper brain function. The article referenced the 2016 Journal of Family Psychology study titled Spanking and Child Outcomes: Old Controversies and New Meta-Analyses (Gershoff & Grogan-Kaylor, 2016). This study examined the impact of parental spanking and deconstructed several meta-analyses, each of which confirmed that physical punishment can lead to undesirable outcomes in children and youth. The researchers who conducted this study wanted to reevaluate the effects of spanking. In previous studies, a total of four meta-analyses concluded that spanking children could lead to a myriad of different problems in children. To see if the results differed or remained the same, researchers looked at over 1,500 studies related to spanking outcomes. To meet the criterion of considering only studies that did not involve the use of objects when spanking a child, the studies were reduced to just 74. Each of the new meta-analyses examined the correlation between the types of spanking used by parents . and the outcome of the child. All meta-analyses have highlighted that physical punishment causes negative outcomes, such as disobedience, generalized behavioral problems, and cognitive problems (Gershoff & Grogan-Kaylor, 2016). Furthermore, the most important finding of this study was that spanking leads to harmful effects. in children which can range from mild to severe. Researchers have been able to confirm and report that this form of punishment can cause negative outcomes and aggressive or problem behaviors in both children and youth. Evaluation The media article did an adequate job of providing an account of the methods and findings of the research article. Riskey (2017) makes an effort to situate the work of Gershoff and Grogan-Kaylor while also mentioning the findings of their study throughout the article. Riskey paraphrases some details from the research article and often mentions the many different results of spanking in his media article (Riskey, 2017). However, the media article is heavily focused on the gray matter of the brain. Risky's article also refers to gray matter and the impact spanking has on it, while the research article does not touch on it in a descriptive way. In the media article, Riskey states that children and youth exposed to spanking had a reduction in gray matter in the brain. It was shown that these children experienced greater struggle with their vital functions and were more likely to externalize their behaviors. Although all of them.