IndexMilitaryEconomyNuclear CooperationAnti-Terrorism and Homeland SecurityEnergy and Climate ChangeSpaceScience and Technology (S&T)Health SectorRecommendationsDeepening Defense CooperationPursuing Bilateral Economic AgreementsInvesting in ConnectivityMilitaryThe United States has four "foundational" agreements that it signs with the their defense partners. The Pentagon describes the agreements as “routine tools that the United States uses to promote military cooperation with partner nations.” American officials have said the agreements are not prerequisites for bilateral defense cooperation, but would make it easier and cheaper to carry out tasks such as refueling planes or ships in each other's countries and providing disaster relief. The first of the four agreements, the General Security Of Military Information Agreement (GSOMIA), was signed by India and the United States in 2002. The agreement allows for the sharing of military intelligence between the two countries and requires each country to protect classified data of others information. The second agreement, the Logistics Exchange Memorandum of Agreement (LEMOA), was signed by the two countries on August 29, 2016. The LEMOA allows the armed forces of one country to use the other's bases to resupply or carry out repairs. The agreement does not make the provision of logistical support binding for either country and requires individual authorization for each request. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on "Why Violent Video Games Shouldn't Be Banned"? Get Original EssayEconomicThe United States is one of India's largest direct investors. From 1991 to 2004, FDI inflows increased from $11.3 million to $344.4 million, for a total of $4.13 billion. This is a compound rate increase of 57.5% per year. Indian direct investment abroad began in 1992 and now Indian companies and registered partnerships can invest in businesses up to 100% of their net assets. India's largest outward investments are in the manufacturing sector, which accounts for 54.8% of the country's foreign investments. The second largest is non-financial services (software development), which accounts for 35.4% of investments. Nuclear Cooperation In late September 2001, President Bush lifted sanctions imposed under the terms of the Nuclear Proliferation Prevention Act of 1994 following India's nuclear tests in May 1998. A series of nonproliferation dialogues bridged many gaps in understanding between countries. In December 2006, the United States Congress passed the historic Henry J. Hyde USA-India Peaceful Atomic Cooperation Act, allowing direct civilian nuclear trade with India for the first time in 30 years. In previous years, US policy had opposed nuclear cooperation with India because India had developed nuclear weapons against international conventions and had never signed the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NNPT). The legislation paves the way for India to purchase nuclear reactors and U.S. fuel for civilian use. The India-United States Civil Nuclear Agreement, also known as the “123 Agreement”, signed on 10 October 2008 is a bilateral agreement for peaceful nuclear cooperation that regulates civil nuclear trade between American and Indian companies to participate in each other's nuclear power sector. civil nuclear energy. For the agreement to be operational, nuclear vendors and operators must comply with the Indian Nuclear Liability Act, 2010 which states that suppliers, contractors andNuclear operators must assume financial responsibility in the event of an accident. Major industrial accidents (the 1984 Bhopal chemical gas disaster and the 2011 Fukushima nuclear disaster) have led to increased civil society scrutiny of corporate liability and financial responsibility obligations of vendors and operators of critical infrastructure. In 2010, the Indian Parliament voted in favor of the Nuclear Damage Act to address concerns and ensure civil liability for nuclear damage and prompt compensation to victims of a nuclear accident. Counter-terrorism and internal security Cooperation in counter-terrorism has seen notable progress with intelligence sharing, information exchange, operational cooperation, fight against terrorism. anti-terrorism technology and equipment. The India-US Counter-Terrorism Cooperation Initiative was signed in 2010 to expand collaboration on counter-terrorism, intelligence sharing and capacity building. A Homeland Security Dialogue was announced during President Obama's visit to India in November 2010 to further deepen operational cooperation, counterterrorism technology transfers, and capacity building. Two cycles of this dialogue took place, in May 2011 and May 2013, with six subgroups guiding cooperation in specific areas. In December 2013, the India-US Police Chiefs Conference on National Security was organized in New Delhi. The police commissioners of India's four major metropolises paid a study visit to the United States to learn about megacity policing practices in the United States in November 2015. The two sides agreed on a joint work plan to counter the menace of IEDs improvised (IED). In order to further strengthen counter-terrorism cooperation between India and the United States, an agreement to facilitate the exchange of information on terrorism screening through designated contact points was concluded in June 2016. The India-US Joint Working Group on Counter-Terrorism held its 14th meeting in July 2016 in Washington DC. Energy and Climate Change The US-India Energy Dialogue was launched in May 2005 to promote trade and investment in the energy sector and held its last meeting in September 2015 in Washington DC. There are six working groups on oil and gas, coal, electricity and energy efficiency, new technologies and renewable energy, civil nuclear cooperation and sustainable development within the energy dialogue. Investments by Indian companies such as Reliance, Essar and GAIL in the US natural gas market are ushering in a new era of energy partnership between India and the US. The US Department of Energy has so far given its approval to the export of LNG from seven liquefaction terminals in the US, to countries with which the US does not have a free trade agreement (FTA) - with two of these five terminals, the Indian public The industry entity, the Gas Authority of India Limited (GAIL), has offtake agreements totaling nearly 6 million tonnes per annum (MTPA). These terminals are expected to be completed and capable of exporting cargo by late 2016/early 2017. As a priority initiative under the Partnership to Advance Clean Energy (PACE), the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and the Government of India has established the Joint Clean Energy Research and Development Center (JCERDC) designed to foster clean energy innovations by teams of scientistsfrom India and the United States, with total joint funding committed by both governments of $50 million. Civil space cooperation provides a forum for discussion on joint activities in space, including (i) the exchange of scientists; (ii) collaboration between OCM2 and INSAT3D; (iii) Cooperation on the Mars mission; (iv) nanosatellites; (v) carbon/ecosystem monitoring and modeling; (vi) feasibility of collaboration in radio occultation: (vii) Cooperation in Earth Sciences: (viii) international space station; (ix) global navigation satellite systems; (x) SAR in L&S band; (xi) cooperation in space exploration; (xii) space debris mediation. The last JWG meeting was held in September 2015 in Bangalore. NASA and ISRO are collaborating on India's Mars Orbiter mission and a dual-band synthetic aperture radar (NISAR). In June 2016, ISRO successfully launched a record number of 20 satellites on board the PSLV rocket, which included 13 satellites from the United States. Science and Technology (S&T) India-US science and technology cooperation has grown steadily under the US-India partnership. Science and Technology Cooperation Agreement signed in October 2005. There is an Indo-US Joint Science and Technology Commission , co-chaired by the Science Advisor to the President of the United States and the Indian Minister of Science and Technology. The United States participated as a partner country in the Technology Summit 2014 in New Delhi. In 2000, both governments funded the India-US Science & Technology Forum (IUSSTF) to facilitate mutually beneficial bilateral cooperation in science, engineering and healthcare. Over the past decade, the IUSSTF has facilitated more than 12,000 interactions between Indian and US scientists, supported more than 250 bilateral workshops, and established more than 30 joint research centers. The U.S.-India Science and Technology Endowment Fund, established in 2009, under the Science and Technology Endowment Board, promotes the commercialization of jointly developed innovative technologies with the potential for positive social impact. Collaboration between the Department of Earth Sciences and the US National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration was strengthened under the 2008 MOU on Earth Observations and Earth Sciences. A “monsoon bank” has been established at the US National Centers for Environmental Prediction. India's contribution of $250 million to the Thirty-Meter Telescope project in Hawaii and the Indian Initiative in Gravitational Observations (IndiGO) with the US LIGO laboratory are examples of joint collaboration to create world-class research facilities. Health Sector As part of the 2010 US-India Health Initiative, four working groups were organized in the areas of noncommunicable diseases, infectious diseases, strengthening health systems and services, and maternal and child health. In order to strengthen disease surveillance and epidemiological capacity in India, the Global Disease Detection-India Center was established in 2010 and an Epidemic Intelligence Service program was launched in October 2012. The US National Institutes of Health, the Indian Medical Research Council and India's Department of Biotechnology have developed a strong relationship in the fields of biomedical sciences and behavioral health, HIV/AIDS-related research, infectious diseases , diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, eye diseases, hearing disorders, mental health and low-cost medical technologies. In the first meeting of,.