This week's article "From Atoms to Traits" describes modern science's explanations for historically significant experiments. Focusing in particular on: passages from Darwin's Origin of Species, Mendel's pea experiments, and comments on Watson and Crick's DNA model. The author has taken the fundamental questions posed by historical research and answered them with modern observations and data. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on "Why Violent Video Games Shouldn't Be Banned"? Get an original essay Corn and teosinte are related, teosinte is the wild, grassy ancestor of corn, and they share some of the same genetic characteristics and genetic sequences AS. Many of the structural differences between these plants can be traced back to some specific areas of the chromosome. Here, events called mutations occur that alter the displayed characteristics of teosinte, and its phenotype would be minimally altered. Mesoamerican farmers would leave the most desirable plants that had the most favorable characteristics to plant and raise for the following year's crop. This selection for desirable traits actually led to the selection of single gene mutations that ultimately altered the plants' genotype and developed modern maize. Characteristics such as the bushy shape and central stalk were caused by mutations in the regulatory area of ​​a single gene that altered cell division patterns, and a similar mutation but in a different area of ​​a gene with a different purpose caused the appearance of teosinte. less desirable seeds in the softer, easier to harvest corn seeds today. Sticklebacks are a species of fish whose mutations have produced many anatomical changes in the population, leading to drastic diversification. Dispersal due to the melting of the last ice age introduced the species to a variety of new environments and left isolated fish communities. these isolated communities found unique realized niches in which mutations increased the fitness of individuals ultimately leading to the appearance of these inherited traits throughout the community. due to genetic regulators in certain chromosomal regions as seen in maize. Lactase is an enzyme produced by humans that facilitates the digestion of lactose, the primary sugar in milk. Lactase production in humans is routinely shut down before adulthood, causing lactose intolerance, the inability to digest lactose. Most people will become lactose intolerant in adulthood, there is a mutation in the human genome where in some individuals lactase is produced throughout the individual's life. The origin of this mutation is traced back to an event that occurred somewhere in Europe, where culture and necessity dictated that people continue to regularly consume quantities of milk throughout their lives. Although many communities see populations of individuals who exhibit lactose tolerance throughout their lives, research shows that different populations exhibit separate genetic mutation pathways that lead to the same phenotypic variation. Mutations that occur in organisms such as stickleback, corn and teosinte, and humans are due to physical damage or errors when copying DNA before the cell divides causing altered or abnormal sequences. These errors include replacing a single base pair with another, deleting a section of base pairs, duplicating or inserting new base pairs, and inverting and translocating existing base pairs in the nucleotide sequence of DNA. Other means for variation.