The incidence of inflammatory skin diseases is increasing, so the search for relevant therapies is of great concern. Plants are rich in phytochemicals that can relieve many symptoms. In this review we will focus on compounds present in the seeds of widely cultivated plants regularly used for oil production. The oils of these plants are often used to alleviate the symptoms of inflammatory diseases through the synergistic action of unsaturated fatty acids and other phytochemicals most commonly derived from the terpenoid pathway. Knowledge of the chemical composition of oilseeds and understanding the mechanisms of action of the individual components should allow a more personalized approach to the treatment of many diseases. In many cases these seeds could serve as an efficient material for the isolation of pure phytochemicals. Here we present the content of phytochemicals, believed to be responsible for the healing properties of vegetable oils, in widely cultivated oilseed plants and examine the proposed mechanism of action for selected fatty acids, mono-, sesqui-, di- and triterpenes, carotenoids, tocopherol and polyphenols. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on "Why Violent Video Games Shouldn't Be Banned"? Get an original essay Since the skin is the largest organ (represents one-sixth of total body weight) and first contact with the human body, its balance and correct functionality is fundamental to our health. The skin participates in sensitivity and offers protection against microorganisms, chemicals and ultraviolet radiation. Furthermore, it is constantly exposed to environmental factors such as UV rays, pathogens, chemical threats and temperature changes. This, combined with genetic background, can cause serious diseases including cancer and inflammation. Nowadays, skin diseases related to chronic inflammation are becoming more and more common, mainly due to air pollution, the high level of hygiene and above all the increasing amount of chemicals that directly interfere with our body through our diet and cosmetics. A study published last year in JAMA Dermatology reports on the prevalence of skin diseases worldwide and their likelihood of creating lifetime disability to define the following 10 most challenging conditions (sorted in descending order of "adjusted life years for disability"): dermatitis, acne, urticaria, psoriasis, viral skin diseases, fungal skin diseases, scabies, melanoma, pyoderma, cellulitis, non-melanoma skin cancer, pressure ulcer and alopecia areata. Although such diseases contributed to 1.79% of the global disease burden measured in terms of disability. adequate years of life substantially affect the quality of life of patients. The main skin disorders associated with an inflammatory imbalance are allergic contact dermatitis, atopic dermatitis and psoriasis, which in addition to the loss of skin function has a high social and psychological impact. Inflammation-related skin diseases are multifactorial diseases, but they all manifest with the recruitment of lymphocytes, monocytes and macrophages after the activation of the skin's defense system (with keratinocytes and dendrocytes as main players) by external or internal stimuli , and the continued propagation of the inflammatory process in the skin. The complex networks of interactions between inflammatory skin diseases have been extensively studied and already well examined. The development of inflammatory skin disease is most commonly associated with T lymphocyte recruitment andproduction of a wide range of proinflammatory agents, mainly protein factors such as interferons. and interleukins (e.g. interferon gamma, interleukin 17 and interleukin 22) which often act not only as propagators of inflammation but also as growth factors. The molecules mentioned act in synergy with tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), also produced by lymphocytes, determining first of all a significant increase in the inflammatory response of dermal keratinocytes, with consequent production of many other cytokines and chemokines. The proteins secreted by the recruited lymphocytes also modify the composition of the extracellular matrix and cause alterations in the growth and differentiation process of skin cells. Keratinocytes are very sensitive to the action of IFN-γ and are also capable of producing numerous cytokines and chemokines in response to stimuli linked to both primary and secondary inflammation; it is therefore believed that they play a central role in the development and chronicity of inflammatory skin diseases. The increase in the production of cytokines and chemokines leads to the propagation of the inflammatory state, to changes in the expression of genes that regulate the cell cycle and furthermore, as already mentioned, some of the proteins produced can act on keratinocytes as growth factors. These processes cause an increase in the proliferation of keratinocytes, while their maturation is impaired, resulting in thickening of the epidermis, formation of additional blood vessels and as a result disturbances in the arrangement and functionality of the skin and scarf skin layers. In case of deregulation of the inflammatory state in the skin, IFN-γ is released by recruited T lymphocytes and, after binding to the specific receptor on the surface of keratinocyte cells, activates Janus kinase 2 and the signal transducer and activator of the pathway. signaling transcription factor 1 (JAK2/STAT1) leading to activation of the transcription factor STAT1 in epidermal keratinocytes. STAT1 regulates the expression of cytokines, adhesion molecules, cell cycle regulators and other transcription factors, responsible for disease development. This signaling pathway is very important in psoriasis, where the negative regulators JAK2/STAT1 (suppressors of cytokine/chemokine signaling 1 and 3 – SOCS1 and SOCS3) have been shown to impair IFN-γ-induced expression of the intracellular adhesion 1 (ICAM1), chemokine (CXC motif) ligand 9 (CXCL9) and 10, and C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2). TNF-α, by modulating the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)-related pathway, also plays an important role in the development of inflammatory skin disease, in this case influencing the expression of the cell differentiation process and genes regulating death mobile phone. SOCS1 has also been shown to be related to this pathway, influencing protein kinase B activity. Another important signaling molecule in inflammatory skin diseases is transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), which is required for differentiation of T helper 17 (Th17) lymphocytes. , but also regulates the growth and development of skin cells. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), another growth factor produced by epidermal keratinocytes after immunological activation, is involved in the formation of additional blood vessels and infiltration of lymphocytes into the injured skin region. The endocannabinoid system is also often mentioned as an important signaling pathway involved in inflammatory dysregulation of the skin. Cannabinoid receptors (CB), in particular CB2 – highly expressed in immune cells and peripheral tissues – alsomay be involved in the possible activity of hydrophobic components against the development of inflammatory skin diseases. Activation of CB2 leads to inhibition of adenylate cyclase and lowers the level of intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). The level of cAMP has a great impact on the expression of various inflammation-related genes and is associated with inflammatory skin diseases, especially psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. Endocannabinoid receptor ligands have been shown to influence the proliferation of keratinocytes and the process of their differentiation, providing great opportunities in the treatment of psoriasis and allergic contact dermatitis. All these as major players and many other signaling molecules, pathways, transcription factors and their regulators represent the complicated interplay between epidermal keratinocytes and skin-infiltrating immune cells, the deregulation of which leads to disease. There are many different treatments available for skin conditions, which can allow for short-term improvements and long-term control, but for many of them there is still no cure. Although treatments are available, some of them can cause serious side effects. An example of a disease without a cure is the aforementioned psoriasis, a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by thickened, silvery scaly patches. Treatment, including topical applications, systemic therapies, and phototherapy, allows for some control of the disease. These treatments, while effective, are still associated with significant adverse effects. Therefore, there is a constant search for better therapies, especially for inflammation-related diseases. Nowadays, drug discovery is facing serious challenges due to the reduction in the number of new drug approvals along with the exorbitant increase in costs. Many plants are traditionally used to treat various diseases and are even now important sources of new pharmacologically active compounds, with many drugs derived directly or indirectly from plants. This is not surprising, since plants contain a very wide range of various phytochemicals, some of which are very difficult or even impossible to synthesize chemically. Plant materials are also used for the isolation of various chemicals as a basis for chemical modifications to obtain new structures. Diet has been suggested to be involved in the etiology and pathogenesis of psoriasis. Fasting, low-energy, and vegetarian diets have been shown to improve psoriasis symptoms, as have diets high in polyunsaturated fatty acids. These diets modify the metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids and influence the profile of eicosanoids, suppressing inflammatory processes. When it comes to evaluating the importance of phytochemicals in various diseases, the situation is complicated, since very often the whole plant extract or crude oil is used. On the other hand, there is a possibility that this is the exact reason why these different dietary regimes work, since it is necessary to consider the synergy of action of the plant components. Another example is the use of sesame oil in one study, where it was shown to inhibit many cytokines and signaling pathway elements linked to NF-κB and STAT1 in TNF-α and IFN-induced keratinocyte cell line -γ. This could be attributed to sterol, unsaturated fatty acids, and some other phytochemicals present in smaller quantities. In this review we decided to focus on oilseed plants since they are widely grown, easily available and at the same timerich in combinations of phytochemicals. As mentioned above, in many cases it is impossible to highlight the relevance of a certain chemical substance, but whenever possible we have tried to combine data from clinical studies with laboratory experiments to highlight the possible mechanisms of action of these components. Oilseed plants are grown mainly for the food and feed industry and for the production of biofuels. According to 2017 European Commission data, global oilseed plant production reached an average of 522.3 million tonnes (MMT), of which more than 300 MMT is soybeans. In addition to soybeans, canola (69.5 MMT), cotton (42.1 MMT), peanuts (41.2 MMT), sunflower (40.7 MMT), and palm kernels (16.1 MMT) are also grown. In the European Union itself, rapeseed (22.3 MMT), sunflower (9 MMT), soya (2.3 MMT) and flax (0.1 MMT) are mainly grown (data from the EU Crop Market Observatory - Seeds oilseeds and protein crops. Available from: https: //ec.europa.eu/agriculture/market-observatory/crops/oilseeds-protein-crops/statistics_en.). The oil most frequently used for nutritional purposes, after palm oil, is soybean oil. In many countries (especially in Europe), the use of rapeseed oil in cooking is widespread. Another important oil consumed by humans is sunflower oil. Most consumed oils are made up of fatty acids, with additional components consisting primarily of terpenoids. For the regulation of inflammation the composition of fatty acids appears to be of utmost importance. The ratio of omega-6 (n-6) to omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids is believed to be crucial for the human body in regulating the immune response. Omega-6 and omega-3 are the two main families of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Plants synthesize linoleic acid (18:2, n-6) and α-linolenic acid (18:3, n-3), and consequently these two fatty acids are found in many seeds, nuts, seeds and products derived from seed oils. None of these can be synthesized in animals and therefore must be obtained from the diet. After consumption they can be converted into other fatty acids such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid. EPA and DHA derived from omega-3 fatty acids exhibit anti-inflammatory activity and are able to partially inhibit many aspects of inflammation, including leukocyte chemotaxis, expression of adhesion molecules, and leukocyte-endothelium adhesive interactions. Prostaglandins and leukotrienes derived from arachidonic acid produced by omega-6s are thought to promote inflammation. Mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory actions of EPA and DHA include altered cell membrane phospholipid fatty acid composition, inhibition of activation of the proinflammatory transcription factor NF-κB, and activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated factor receptor anti-inflammatory transcription factor (PPAR). γ. Animal experiments demonstrate some benefits of EPA and DHA treatments in a number of models of inflammatory conditions. However, it is important to note that both of these groups are essential for human health and the importance of omega 6 is overlooked due to the high content of these fatty acids in the Western diet and the fairly common deficiency in the consumption of omega 3. Even monounsaturated Oleic acid (e.g. oleic acid found in olive and canola oil) is thought to help fight inflammation through the involvement of AMP-activated protein kinase. It has been shown that monounsaturated fatty acids can attenuate IL-1β-mediated insulin resistance and adipose dysfunction despite obesity. It has been suggested that the relationship between.