Chapter 2: Modernization of Muslim Society and Education: Need for a Practical Approach Modernization has been defined as the process of social change towards those types of social, economic and politicians who developed in Western Europe and North America from the 17th to the 19th and 20th centuries and were introduced to the Asian, African and South American continents. Muslims must renew their Islamic tradition so that it is viable and suitable for the modern age. However, the modernization carried out should not break and deviate from the “ideal type” of Islamic norms and standards. There are some failures that can be clearly seen in aspects of politics, economy, society, but also education and culture. In the aspect of politics, for example, leadership assumes power with popular support and exercises authority with the power of law to have a functional relationship between the state and its citizens. The leaders impose themselves as a self-styled class of rulers. Otherwise, Islam strictly enforces the principle of consultation and consensus ...