In his book, A History of Modern Palestine, Ilan Pappe attempts to deepen the discussion of the struggle between Jews and their counterparts over the idea of ​​an Israeli state. Using documents released by the Israeli intelligence service and found by one of his graduate students, Pappe attempts to paint a “new history of conflict” in the Middle East. His books add a new element to the subject. The documents, released in the late 1980s, but by the United States, the United Nations and the Israeli government, show that the State of Israel was not entirely innocent in the conflict of the 1940s. While history is usually written by the victors, Pappe, known to be critical of Israel and its policies, writes an alternative history. The question becomes: does it do justice or fairness to the topic? Pappe's books open quite incontrovertibly by discussing the history of the Ottomans and the typical way in which most people looked at the struggle in the region (Pappe, 3). He presents this idea to attack the foundations of Israel and what it represents. As the introduction continues, however, the narrative is quickly interrupted by a brief overview of the alternate history the reader will see in the rest of the book. “The Israeli (and before that Zionist) version of the events and echoes of the past adopts what I will call the common version. Israel's self-image, as a Western identity in the middle of the Arabian desert, and its perception of the Palestinians as “others fuel this vision (Pappe 6)”. Pappe begins to tell the narrative of Palestine, in which only the Land of Israel is mentioned, during the 19th and 20th centuries. Pappe begins with Napoleon's invasion in 1799. The focus of the story is both Arabs and Jews. It focuses on... the central part of the paper... which admits compassion for the colonized and not for the colonizer; those who sympathize with the occupied and not with the occupiers; and sides with the workers and not with the bosses. He has sympathy for women in difficulty and has little admiration for men in command... Mine is a subjective approach...” (Pappe, 11) This quote is extremely important. When reading his book, one should note the biases within and with this quote; Pappe does a disservice to everyone who reads this. While Pappe attempts to lend a new kind of historical narrative to the already innumerable mountain of texts on the conflict in the Middle East, his story falls short. While the narratives are fascinating, his use of poor sources, not to mention his open and forthright bias towards the situation, doesn't help. This book, although widely read, fails to convey a historical narrative and should be read with extreme skepticism.