“Over the past few decades, the use of image editing software such as Adobe Photoshop has become what many consider to be the most dramatic form of photo manipulation, allowing editors to digitally enhance and edit, or modify an image in various ways for a variety of purposes" (Photojournalism and the Ethical Approach). The fixation of images has made it difficult to believe what is real and what is not. Digital manipulation is the act of modifying images to create an illusion or deception. (RedBubble) Image manipulation existed even before Photoshop. Abraham Lincoln's portrait was not his head, but John Calhoun's body was it done? Since there were no computers, they had to do everything by hand. A body portrait of a southern leader was used, there weren't many heroic poses, so they cut Abraham's head from a photo and the they placed over the image of the body, making it appear as if Abraham Lincoln had actually taken the photo. Even the words on the cards lying on the table had changed. (Ethics in photo editing) In the beginning, computers didn't exist, so in order to manipulate images they had to invent their own techniques. Many images were manipulated and very few knew it. Families who wanted family portraits but didn't get along could have a family portrait, but they didn't have to be there in the same room. With a lot of work and patience it was done. Each family member came to the session, but at different times. Photos of each person were taken, then multiple images of the same image were used to change the lighting or contrast. In order for them all to be in the same image, you should crop them and place them on the background where you took a p...... half of the paper ......ckground, removing unwanted objects in the image, removing spots on the face, there are many things you can do to get a perfect image. It is easy for a client to express what they want and how they want to change the image and in return it is convenient for designers to use the specific tools to make that image how the client wants it to be. This helps in customer satisfaction and helps in maintaining a good and strong relationship with them. (Advantages of digital manipulation). Many people say that when images are manipulated in a way that ruins the original image, people take things from their imagination and make them. Some people may not even manipulate images to get attention, they do it for fun, to express their imagination. Photoshop exists for a reason, why not use it. It's amazing what you can do with just a couple of images and some editing software.