Introduction Explosion protection, until recently, only had to be taken into account during the construction of underground shelters and military bunkers. Currently, however, there is a need for urban buildings and similar structures used constantly by the general public to withstand the forces of nearby explosions. This need is due to the recent increase in terrorist attacks in urban or crowded environments. These attacks exploited the lack of blast resistance in these buildings as a means to create widespread chaos through the detonation of an improvised explosive device (IED). These devices range from explosives placed inside a structure to roadside or vehicle bombs. An urban environment causes even relatively small explosions to be extremely powerful as their energy is reflected off walls and other structural components, making the area over which the energy dissipates very concentrated (King 1346). Traditionally, methods for blast protection in buildings of high The importance of bunkers was to increase the cross-sectional area of columns and improve the reinforcement ratio of structural elements (Runlin 2866). These methods are however ineffective in practical engineering, due to the other necessary aesthetic and functional aspects of urban buildings. Another traditional method of personnel protection was to build air raid shelters in these buildings. This method assumes, however, that an attack is expected; terrorist attacks are generally unexpected. As a result, researchers in the field of blast protection have turned their attention to finding materials that can help prevent serious structural blast damage without compromising the aesthetics and/or purpose of the structure. Goals to reduce damage to the structure The main reason to protect... mid-paper ......." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 36.8 (2009): 1345-1355. EBSCO. Network. March 19, 2014. Runlin, Yang and Guo Hai. “Experimental study on explosion-resistant structure with composite protection layer.” Advanced Materials Research 250-253: 2866-2871. March 12, 2014. Toutlemonde, Francois and Jacques Resplendino. “Designing and Building with UHPFRC.” John Wiley and Sons (2013). Network. March 19, 2014. U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS). “Preventing Facilities from Collapse.” 06 (2011). March 12, 2014. Wu, C. "Development of Explosive Load Protection Research at the University of Adelaide." Australian Journal of Structural Engineering 13.1 (2012): 97-110. Network. March 23 2014.
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