Summary and ConclusionThis study sought to answer three research questions. Although the questions have been presented in previous chapters, they are worth revisiting. What are the major federal laws and policies related to healthcare fraud? How have these laws and policies been used to control fraud, waste, and abuse at the federal level? health care programs? • What are the impacts of these laws and policies on the war against healthcare fraud? To address the questions comprehensively, the researcher conducted historical research that blended the research elements of documentary research and content analysis. Using historical research provided the opportunity to travel through time and trace the origin and evolution of healthcare fraud laws. Through historical research, research has identified laws that directly or indirectly relate to healthcare fraud. Healthcare fraud laws can be grouped into two: “traditional generic” laws and healthcare fraud laws. While “traditional blanket” laws apply to fraud in general, healthcare fraud laws are statutes enacted by Congress to address certain issues within the healthcare environment. As presented in previous chapters, “traditional generic” laws include the False Claims Act of 1986, Anti-Kickback Statute, Stark (Self-Referral) Law, and Deficit Reduction Act. Congress has enacted these laws at various times in U.S. history to address issues related to illegal practices. Originally, Congress did not enact these laws to prevent healthcare fraud. In short, some of the traditional antifraud laws were already in use before Congress passed amendments to the Social Security Act of 1965 to create Medicare and Medicaid... middle of the paper... the False Civil Claims Act v. federal courts Medicare providers: A content analysis based on agency theory. PhD diss., The George Washington University. Kusserow, Richard P. 1997. The Medicare Medicaid Antikickback Statute and the Safe Harbor Rules: What's Next? Healthcare Matrix: Journal of Law and Medicine 2, no. 1 (Spring): 49- (22 p).Kvale, Steinar and Svend Brinkmann. 2009. Interviews: Learning the art of the qualitative research interview. 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Lagnado, Lucette. 2000a. Columbia/HCA will pay $745 million. Wall Street Journal.May 19.Lagnado, Lucette. 2000b. HCA unit's guilty pleas resolve largest Medicare criminal investigation. Wall Street Journal, December 15. Lahman, Larry D. 2005. Bad mule: a primer on the Federal False Claims Act. The OklahomaBar Journal 76, no. 12 (April): 901-907.