IntroductionThe theory of "lean" manufacturing was first used in Japanese factories. The Toyota production system is particularly admired for its highly successful use of "lean" techniques. In general, lean manufacturing refers to manufacturing processes that improve mass production techniques to reduce costs, reduce production time, improve quality, and better respond to market demands. The benefits of lean manufacturing techniques have been documented in numerous studies, including a global study of the automotive industry. This report will focus on some elements of lean manufacturing; provide a general description of each element of lean manufacturing. Small batch productionIn general, batch sizing directly affects a company's competitive advantage in the manufacturing industry; the reason is that this affects the cost, quality, lead time and flexibility of production. According to the different situation of each company, the company will design different types of batches. For example, when it comes to the quantity of materials purchased from a supplier, it is called purchase or order quality. In addition, there are other batches, such as process batch, transfer batch and delivery quantity. Small batch production directly affects production costs. If a company uses large lot sizes, which incur large setup expenses in the EOQ-based model, this may provide the economic optimum, but this may come at a disadvantage. When they minimize dollar costs, they result in higher non-dollar costs associated with increased production time, hidden defects, and even reduced schedule flexibility. Cost is not the only factor to be taken into consideration by the company, the company should also consider the demand, production capacity and installation time. When companies reduce batch sizes, accordingly, the number of batches will increase...... middle of paper ......htmStandard Operating Procedures10. http://pubs.cas.psu.edu/freepubs/pdfs/ud011.pdf Standard Operating Procedures11. http://www.smc.org/Article.cfm?id=252SMC Business Tips -12. http://users.iems.nwu.edu/~hopp/working%20papers/Push%20and%20Pull%20Production%20in%20Automated%20Agile%20Workforce%20Environments.pdf Push and Pull Strategies in Automated Agile Workforce Environments13. http://fox.rollins.edu/~tlairson/japan/LEANUS.HTMLUntitled Document, examples of companies using a lead production system.