Justice- and law-enforcement-based programs The juvenile justice system has focused on justice- and law-enforcement-based programs that help young delinquents with their criminal behavior (Esbensen et al., 2011; Forgays 2008; Krebs et al., 2010; Kurtz et al., 2006; Judicial and law enforcement-based programs are designed to make the most of legal opportunities in courts and law enforcement to address criminal behavior (Esbensen et al., 2011; Forgays 2008; Krebs et al., 2010; Kurtz et al., 2006; Programs such as Boot Camp, Wilderness programs, GREAT programs, Juvenile Intake and Assessment Case Management, Juvenile Breaking the Cycle, Probation and Teen Court are established to reduce juvenile involvement in the juvenile justice system by providing substitutes for incarceration (Tarolla et al. ., 2002) Boot camps and wilderness programs are used to discipline young delinquents. Youth in these programs are imposed structural routines and taught various life skills, to prevent them from falling into delinquent behavior (Lipsey, 2009). Young delinquents in training camps had strict rules, physical activities, daily schedules, and were groomed for approximately 30-180 days through military maneuvers (Tarolla et al., 2002). In wilderness programs, delinquent youth are taught problem-solving skills, personal control, therapeutic components, and physical activities (2002). Additionally, they were treated for 12 months with outdoor and residential challenges and focused on community aftercare (2002). Studies have shown that wilderness and challenge programs, such as boot camps, were not effective programs for helping juvenile delirium...... middle of paper ......nn. (2000). Effective intervention for serious juvenile delinquents. Juvenile justice bulletin. April 2010 United States Department of Justice. Washington, DC.OJJDP Statistical Briefing Book. Online. Available: (http://www.ojjdp.gov/ojstatbb/crime/qa05103.asp?qaDate=2011). Published February 25, 2014. Adapted from Puzzanchera, C. (2013). Juvenile Arrests 2011. Washington, DC: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. Tarolla, S.M., Wagner, E.F., Rabinowitz, J., & Tubman, J.G. (2002) Understanding and treating juvenile delinquents: A review of current knowledge and future directions. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 7(2), 125-143Tripodi, S.J., & Bender, K. (2011). Substance abuse treatment for juvenile delinquents: A review of quasi-experimental and experimental research. Journal of Criminal Justice, 39(3), 246-252. doi: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2011.02.007