was completely unexpected. Throughout the novel Kafka does not specify why K. was on trial. At his first arrest he could only think that "he lived in a country with a legal constitution, there was universal peace, all laws were in force", but Kafka teaches the audience throughout the novel laws that are unknown to typical civilians ( Kafka 4). Readers are introduced to the court's belief that one must be punished for not following its orders and going against its beliefs. This became evident among readers when Kafka revealed to K. that the workers he had reported to the court had been found punished; “We must be flogged because you complained about us to the investigating judge” (Kafka 84). Furthermore, in the entire novel there are no cases that could lead to K.'s execution. The only logical reason that the audience could identify is Joseph K.'s refusal to follow the secret, unspoken rules of the court. For example, when he was sentenced to death on his thirty-first birthday (one year after his first arrest) but refused to kill himself, he let the court officials execute him in a terrible way. “Radicals were imprisoned or exiled because of their liberal, democratic, socialist, communist or anarchist inclinations” in totalitarian regimes, this is closely linked to what the justice system did to K. for his rebellion (“Lesson 10: There