Another theoretical problem is that researchers often face the dilemma: "The use of quantitative and qualitative research approaches in a research project means that are they combining methods or methodologies?” Sandelowski (2000), suggested in his article the fundamental difference between the use of the terms qualitative and quantitative. Bryman (2006) stated that rather than implying a mixture of more than one research approach, the term combined or mixed may offer some initial clarification to the researcher that more than one research style is being used. Therefore, it is also important for the researcher to consider the theory of using combined methodologies while considering the assurance of the broader rules and principles that will govern a research method. A good research design ensures congruence between purpose, theory, sampling strategy and methods. In this regard, what specific techniques will be used to collect data? However, a research design or framework usually derives directly from the research questions. Two common approaches used in combining quantitative and qualitative methods in constructing research questions are: separate quantitative and qualitative research questions and combined research questions that are general at the beginning and then expanded or broken down into quantitative and qualitative sub-questions (Teddlie & Tashakkori, 2009). For example, an example of a general research question is to explain how and why the 2004 presidential candidates' political advertisements failed to engage young adults. An example of sub-questions from the general question are: How does the interaction between audience level and media-based framing contribute to university students' interpretations of the issue...... half of the paper.. .... 2007) “Integration and publications as indicators of “performance” from mixed methods studies” Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 1,147-63.Rice, P.L., & Ezzy, D. (1999). Qualitative research methods: a focus on health. SouthMelbourne, Australia: Oxford University Press.Sandelowski, M. (2000). Combining qualitative and quantitative sampling, data collection, and analysis techniques in mixed-method studies. Research in Nursing and Health, 23, 246-255.Stange, K. C. (2006). Crabtree Publishing Mixed methods research. Ann Fam Med, 4Stern, P. (1992). Eroding grounded theory. In B. Glaser (ed.), Groundedory 1984 -1994 (Vol. 1, pp. 53-63). Mill Valley, CA: Sociology PressTeddlie, C. and Tashakkori, A. Foundations of Mixed Methods Research: Integrating Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches in the Social and Behavioral Sciences, Los Angeles: Sage, 2009, p. 133.
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