In the 1970s, smallholders produced around 10-20% of the export volume, but after international coffee and tea prices collapsed , it was economically advantageous to involve small farmers in the horticultural sector. In the mid-1980s there were approximately 13-16 thousand small landowners growing fresh produce. (Jaffee 1995, as cited in Minot and Ngigi, 2004). This represented 40-65% of supplies of green beans, Asian vegetables, mangoes, avocados and passion fruit for