These tests can be used as a module or assessment, however in Connor the cloze tests would be used for educational purposes. These cloze tests show students how to “use context clues and background knowledge to decipher unknown words” (DeVries, 2015 p.55). Connor would be given a passage where every fifth word was crossed out. They will then be asked to enter the word they think fits the sentence. This is a strategy that once again focuses on the meaning and sentence structure when reading rather than the sound of the word. Looking at Connor's Running Record, it is clear that his phonemic awareness is quite strong. What is missing, however, is the understanding of the text, looking at the data; most of his errors (11 of 16) involved ignoring meaning and/or structural clues throughout the text.