Topic > The Hukou System - 701

The Hukou system is the registered residence component of the Chinese household registration system. As it stands, the system is often considered unfair. It prevented every person in a city from having an equal right to services, especially migrant workers. Migrant workers are defined as people who belong to a registered agricultural household but perform non-agricultural work outside the registered region for six months or more. In 2009, migrant workers made up approximately 17.3% of China's population (National Bureau of Statistics of China 2010). They usually have fewer benefits than other residents, such as less access to Social Security and limited educational options. The Hukou system also removes the right to migration for rural citizens (Cai 2011). Today's migrant workers show unrest against the system. They have a greater awareness of their rights, place more emphasis on their personal space and quality of life, and want to move to cities more (Yi-han 2013). The Hukou system should be reformed to become standardized so that every city follows and implements the same conditions. Additionally, it should be based on where you live and work, not where you were born. The reform would increase benefits, incomes and job mobility. These changes would cause an increase in the number of workers, which would benefit the Chinese economy by increasing productivity (China Economic Review 2012). In general, migrant workers face many inequalities compared to other Chinese citizens. Although they contribute to the improvement of the economies of the cities in which they work, they are often segregated from the general population (Kuang and Liu 2012). Migrant workers are much less likely to own a... paper half... Yaping Zhou. “More than double jeopardy: Effects of gender and hukou on employment opportunities in Chinese cities.” American Sociological Association, 2011: 1126.Wu, Xiaogang. “The Household Registration System and Rural-Urban Educational Inequality in Contemporary China.” Chinese Sociological Review, 2012: 31-51. Xiaoling Li, Eva, Abuduhade, Zong Li, Hua Wen, Rong Wen, and Peter S. Li. “Integration of Minority Migrant Workers in Lanzhou, China.” Canadian Ethnic Studies, 2013: 117-131. Yang, Juhua and Chengrong Duan. “School Enrollment of Resident Children, Migrant Children, and Other Children with Rural Registration: An Analysis of the 2000 Chinese Census.” American Sociological Association, 2008: 1-23.Yi-han, Xiong. “The new generation of migrant workers and the legitimacy crisis of local citizenship in China.” Fudan Journal of the Humanities & Social Sciences, 2013: 1-24.